Floating solar photovoltaic plants are a key part of India's rapid transition to a green energy market, offering land neutrality, higher energy generation, and water conservation benefits by utilizing water bodies like reservoirs for solar energy production. India has vast potential, with projects like the Ramagundam and Kayamkulam FSPV plants already demonstrating success, and ongoing policy development aims to support its expansion towards a sustainable future.

 .  Floating solar photovoltaic plants are a key part of India's rapid transition to a green energy market, offering land neutrality, higher energy generation, and water conservation benefits by utilizing water bodies like reservoirs for solar energy production. India has vast potential, with projects like the Ramagundam and Kayamkulam FSPV plants already demonstrating success, and ongoing policy development aims to support its expansion towards a sustainable future.
 
Benefits of F S P V in India-
Land Neutrality:-
   FSPV systems are installed on water bodies, eliminating the need for land acquisition, a significant advantage in a densely populated country like India. 
Higher Energy Yield:-
   The natural cooling effect of water leads to lower operating temperatures for the panels, resulting in increased efficiency and electricity generation compared to ground-mounted systems. 
Water Conservation:-
FSPV deployment can significantly reduce water evaporation from reservoirs, especially in India's high-temperature, arid regions, helping conserve precious water resources. 
Dual Use of Water Bodies:-
Existing infrastructure, such as reservoirs and lakes used for irrigation and hydropower, can be used for FSPV generation, making it an efficient way to harness solar energy. 

India's Progress and Potential
Growing Capacity:-
   India's FSPV market has seen substantial growth, from just 3 MW in 2018 to 434 MW by 2023, indicating a strong trend. 
Technical Potential:-
   Estimates suggest India has a potential of around 207 GW for FSPV capacity, highlighting its significant role in meeting the country's renewable energy targets. 
Prominent Projects:-
 Notable projects include the 100 MW Ramagundam FSPV plant in Telangana and the 100 MW Kayamkulam FSPV plant in Kerala, showcasing successful implementation. 

Challenges and Future Outlook
Cost:-
   While costs are decreasing, FSPV is still approximately 7-10% more expensive than traditional ground-mounted solar, requiring financial incentives and policy support. 
Policy and Regulation:-
  Clear and enforceable policies are crucial to reduce developer risks, build investor confidence, and support widespread adoption. 
Ecological Impact:-
Further research is needed to fully understand the long-term environmental impacts, such as the effects on aquatic ecosystems and water quality. 
Technological Advancement:-
  Continuous innovation and the timely adoption of new technologies are essential for India to fully capitalize on the potential of FSPV and achieve its sustainable energy goals. 

By addressing these challenges and leveraging its significant water resources, India can accelerate the deployment of FSPV, paving the way for a more sustainable and green energy future. 
MJF Lion ER YK Sharma 

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