Environment Awareness

India achieved a major milestone in 2025 by reaching over 50% of its cumulative electric power installed capacity from non-fossil fuel sources,5 years ahead of its 2030 target set under the Paris Agreement. As of late 2025, non-fossil sources (including solar, wind, hydro, and nuclear) account for over 260 GW of capacity, with solar energy being the largest contributor.  Key Details on India's 50% Non-Fossil Milestone: Target Achieved Early: - The 50% goal, originally set for 2030, was reached by June/July 2025. Installed Capacity:-  The total non-fossil capacity reached approximately 262 GW, making up 50% of the total 510 GW+ installed capacity. Leading Sources: - Solar energy leads the capacity addition, followed by wind and hydro power. Record Growth: - India added around 50 GW of renewable energy capacity in 2025, supported by about ₹2 lakh crore in investments. Global Impact: - This achievement makes India one of the world leaders in renewable energy transition. Future Go...

Gujarat is the renewable energy powerhouse of India, leading the nation with a 16.5% share of the total installed renewable capacity as of late 2025. The state is a leader in both wind and solar power, hosting the massive 30 GW Khavda Hybrid Renewable Energy Park and holding the top spot for rooftop solar installations.  Key Aspects of Gujarat's Renewable Leadership: Capacity & Growth: As of December 2025, Gujarat has emerged as the top state for renewable energy, with significant contributions to the national goal. Solar & Wind Dominance : - It ranks first in wind power and is a top contender in solar energy, with over 11 lakh rooftop solar installations. Key Projects : - The state is developing the Khavda RE Park (37.35 GW planned) and holds a 13% share of India’s total solar capacity. Strategic Growth: - With a target of 100 GW+ renewable capacity by 2030, Gujarat has rapidly transformed into a green energy hub, with renewables accounting for a large share of its power g...

Turning 𝐶𝑂 2 into fuel involves capturing carbon dioxide and using renewable energy (solar, wind) and hydrogen to convert it into hydrocarbon fuels like methanol, diesel, or jet fuel via techniques such as electrolysis and thermo catalysis. This creates a sustainable, carbon-neutral loop where  CO2 cap C cap O sub 2 𝐶𝑂 2 released during fuel combustion is recycled, offering a key solution for reducing atmospheric emissions.  Key Processes and Techniques  Electrocatalytic Conversion:-  Uses renewable electricity to split CO2 cap C cap O sub 2 𝐶𝑂2 and water, turning CO2 cap C cap O sub 2𝐶𝑂 2 into intermediate forms like liquid metal bicarbonate, which are then converted into fuels such as potassium or sodium formate with high efficiency. Catalytic Hydrogenation: - Combines CO2 cap C cap O sub 2 𝐶𝑂2 with green hydrogen over catalysts to produce hydrocarbon fuels. A single-step process is often used for creating aviation fuel, enhancing efficiency. Solar-Powere...

Rising temperatures are expected to increase methane emissions from mangrove forests by 10–33% for every  1∘C1 raised to the composed with power C 1∘C of warming due to accelerated microbial activity. Despite this, mangroves remain potent "blue carbon" sinks, with their immense carbon dioxide storage capacity far outweighing the warming impact of increased methane, as methane currently offsets only about 6–8% of their total climate benefit.  Key Findings on Mangrove Emissions and Storage: - Methane Increase: - A 1∘C1 raised to the composed with power C1∘C rise in temperature can boost local mangrove methane emissions by approximately 23%, say researchers from Phys.org. Offsets are Minimal: - Even with higher emissions, the methane release only offsets roughly 6–8% of the carbon stored by mangroves over a 20- year period. Carbon Sequestration:-  Mangroves bury substantial amounts of carbon in waterlogged soils, a process that may actually increase by more than 50% by 2100 ...

Wireless electricity transmission, or Wireless Power Transfer (WPT), enables energy delivery without physical cables using electromagnetic fields (induction, resonance) or beams (microwaves, lasers).  Key methods include near-field magnetic induction for short-range charging (phones, robots) and long-range beamed power. Active research in Finland is demonstrating wireless, aerial, and safe power transfer for devices, aiming to reduce reliance on traditional infrastructure.  Key Methods for Wireless Power Transmission Inductive Coupling:-  Uses magnetic fields between coils to transfer power over short distances,common in smartphone chargers and medical implants. Resonant Inductive Coupling:-  An extension of induction that allows for higher efficiency at slightly longer distances, often used in demonstration rooms. Microwave/Laser Power Beaming: - Transmits energy over long distances using electromagnetic radiation, ideal for specialized applications like drones or s...

Semiconductors are materials, commonly silicon, with electrical conductivity between conductors and insulators, acting as the foundation for modern electronics. They power essential technology by enabling control of electrical current in devices like microchips, transistors, diodes, and sensors.  Key Uses of Semiconductors: Microprocessors & Integrated Circuits (ICs): - Used as the "brains" in computers, smartphones, tablets, and gaming consoles. Transistors & Diodes:-  Act as switches and amplifiers in electronic circuits, regulating power in appliances like refrigerators and microwaves. Solar Cells: - Photovoltaic cells (often Gallium Arsenide) convert sunlight into electricity. Optoelectronics: - Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) and lasers used in displays, lighting, and fiber-optic communication. Sensors: - Used for temperature, pressure, and imaging in automobiles, cameras, and medical devices. Automotive Industry:-  Power advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS...