India has set a target of reaching 500 GW from non-fossil fuel sources by 2030 and has also signed agreements for the development of low-carbon technologies, such as with Japan. India is experiencing significant growth in low-carbon technologies, with renewable energy comprising over 46% of its total installed electricity capacity, a figure that stood at over 200 GW as of late 2024, according to PIB. Solar power is leading the expansion, followed by wind, hydro, and biopower, with ambitious government initiatives like the National Green Hydrogen Mission driving further progress.

   Low-carbon technologies are innovative solutions, such as solar panels, wind turbines, nuclear power, and carbon capture systems, designed to reduce or eliminate greenhouse gas emissions, playing a vital role in a low-carbon economy. These technologies encompass energy generation from natural resources, energy efficiency measures, renewable liquid fuels like biodiesel, and infrastructure that supports low-carbon transport, all contributing to a sustainable future. 

Categories of Low-Carbon Technologies
Renewable Energy Generation:-
   This category includes technologies that harness natural, non-depleting resources to produce electricity. 
Wind power: -
Uses wind turbines to generate electricity. 
Solar power: -
 Utilizes solar panels (photovoltaics) and solar hot water systems to convert sunlight into energy. 
Hydroelectric power: -
Generates electricity from moving water. 
Nuclear power: -
  Provides a low-carbon electricity source with substantially low emissions over its lifecycle. 
Energy Efficiency and Conservation:-
These technologies focus on reducing energy consumption and waste. 
Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction (ECER):-
   Implements changes in production processes and the transformation of traditional equipment to use resources more efficiently. 
Heat Pumps: -
  Both air source and ground source heat pumps efficiently provide heating. 
Carbon Capture, Storage, and Utilization (CCSU):-
Technologies that capture carbon dioxide emissions, particularly from sources like fossil fuels and industrial processes, to prevent them from entering the atmosphere. 
Low-Carbon Fuels and Transport:-
Alternatives to traditional fossil fuels and transportation methods. 
Biofuels:-
 Include biodiesel, ethanol, and renewable diesel derived from organic matter. 
Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF): -
 Low-carbon fuel designed for use in aviation. 
Low-Carbon Infrastructure:-
 Projects like railway networks and urban metro systems that reduce reliance on carbon-emitting road transport. 
Key Goals and Importance
Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions:-
  The primary objective is to significantly cut down on pollution and carbon emissions compared to traditional energy sources. 
Climate Change Mitigation:-
By adopting these technologies, we can limit global warming and work towards achieving carbon neutrality goals. 
Economic Transition:-
  Low-carbon technologies are essential for shifting economies toward sustainable practices and fostering a new low-carbon economy. 

   India is experiencing significant growth in low-carbon technologies, with renewable energy comprising over 46% of its total installed electricity capacity, a figure that stood at over 200 GW as of late 2024, according to PIB. Solar power is leading the expansion, followed by wind, hydro, and biopower, with ambitious government initiatives like the National Green Hydrogen Mission driving further progress. India has set a target of reaching 500 GW from non-fossil fuel sources by 2030 and has also signed agreements for the development of low-carbon technologies, such as with Japan. 
MJF Lion ER YK Sharma 

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