Tidal energy plays a vital role in environmental control by providing a predictable, renewable energy source that reduces greenhouse gas emissions and reliance on fossil fuels, thereby mitigating climate change.
Tidal energy plays a vital role in environmental control by providing a predictable, renewable energy source that reduces greenhouse gas emissions and reliance on fossil fuels, thereby mitigating climate change.
However, tidal energy projects also have environmental impacts, including potential habitat disruption for marine wildlife, altered sediment transport, noise pollution from turbines, and risks of collision for fish and other marine life. Careful design and planning are crucial to minimize these negative effects and harness the environmental benefits of tidal energy.
Environmental Benefits-
Reduces Greenhouse Gases:-
By generating electricity without emissions, tidal energy helps to reduce the concentration of pollutants like carbon dioxide, which contributes to global warming.
Decreases Fossil Fuel Dependence:-
Tidal energy offers a sustainable alternative to traditional energy sources, reducing the need for finite and polluting fuels like coal and oil.
Predictable Energy Source:-
Unlike some other renewables, tidal currents are highly predictable, which helps in energy infrastructure planning and contributes to energy security.
Potential for Flood Prevention:-
Tidal barrages can be designed to serve a dual purpose, acting as barriers against storm surges and rising sea levels.
Environmental Challenges and Mitigation-
Habitat Disruption:-
Tidal barrages and turbines can destroy or alter sensitive intertidal habitats like salt marshes and mudflats that are crucial for many species.
Impact on Marine Life:-
Tidal structures can impede the migration routes of fish and marine mammals. Turbines pose a risk of collision and entanglement, though design improvements are being explored to allow safe passage for fish.
Acoustic and Electromagnetic Effects:-
The underwater operation of tidal devices can generate noise and electromagnetic fields that may affect marine animals that use echolocation to navigate and communicate.
Sediment Transport Changes:-
The presence of structures can alter water flow and sediment movement, potentially affecting local sediment processes and water quality.
Strategies for Positive Environmental Control-
Strategic Site Selection:-
Choosing locations that minimize impact on critical habitats and species is essential.
Improved Turbine Design:-
Developing turbines with blades that allow marine organisms to pass safely can mitigate collision risks.
Fish Passes:-
Constructing fish passes in barrages can help maintain migratory routes.
Tidal Lagoons:-
These structures offer a potentially less invasive alternative to barrages, as they can be built along natural coastlines and designed with minimal impact on marine life.
Potential Locations and Estimated Capacity:
Gulf of Khambhat: 7,000 MW
Gulf of Kutch: 1,200 MW
Sunderbans: 100 MW
MJF Lion ER YK Sharma
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