Innovative catalysts,to enable the cost-effective production of green hydrogen from seawater, potentially overcoming the major hurdle of freshwater consumption and reducing green fuel costs. These catalysts are designed to be resilient to the corrosive effects of seawater's high chloride content and are capable of selectively promoting hydrogen evolution reactions while suppressing unwanted side reactions that reduce efficiency. This advancement could make the oceans a vast, limitless source of clean fuel, supporting global decarbonization efforts and allowing countries like India to achieve their ambitious green hydrogen targets without straining precious freshwater resources.

Innovative catalysts,to enable the cost-effective production of green hydrogen from seawater, potentially overcoming the major hurdle of freshwater consumption and reducing green fuel costs. These catalysts are designed to be resilient to the corrosive effects of seawater's high chloride content and are capable of selectively promoting hydrogen evolution reactions while suppressing unwanted side reactions that reduce efficiency. This advancement could make the oceans a vast, limitless source of clean fuel, supporting global decarbonization efforts and allowing countries like India to achieve their ambitious green hydrogen targets without straining precious freshwater resources. 
The Challenge of Seawater Electrolysis 
High Chloride Content:-
 Seawater's high chloride concentration is a significant issue for electrolysis because it corrodes electrodes and lowers the efficiency of the hydrogen production process.
Competing Freshwater Demands: -
 Using freshwater for large-scale electrolysis is not sustainable due to competing demands from agriculture and human consumption.
Breakthroughs in Catalyst Technology
Bimetal Catalysts -
:   Researchers at IIT Madras have developed a low-cost electrolyzer using bimetal catalysts made from inexpensive transition metals. These catalysts promote oxygen evolution and hydrogen evolution reactions while preventing the formation of corrosive hypochlorite. 
Ruthenium-Based Catalysts: -
Other researchers have also developed ruthenium-based nanocatalysts that show promise for directly using seawater in hydrogen production. 
N-NiMo3P Sheets:-
 A catalyst made from N-NiMo3P sheets has shown exceptional efficiency and completely prevents the generation of chlorine in seawater electrolysis. 
MJF Lion ER YK Sharma 

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