Plans to add 97 GW of coal-based capacity by 2035 by India to ensure round-the-clock power supply and support its ambitious renewable energy goals. This expansion is expected to improve grid reliability by providing stable base load power as renewable energy sources fluctuate, although it complements India's 2030 target for 500 GW of renewables. The grid impact will involve integrating large-scale thermal capacity with the increasing variable renewable energy, which requires new strategies like grid balancing and the use of battery storage systems to manage energy supply and demand effectively. Impact on the Grid

   India plans to add 97 GW of coal-based capacity by 2035 to ensure round-the-clock power supply and support its ambitious renewable energy goals. This expansion is expected to improve grid reliability by providing stable base load power as renewable energy sources fluctuate, although it complements India's 2030 target for 500 GW of renewables. The grid impact will involve integrating large-scale thermal capacity with the increasing variable renewable energy, which requires new strategies like grid balancing and the use of battery storage systems to manage energy supply and demand effectively. 
Impact on the Grid
Balancing Grid Stability:- 
 Coal power will provide a crucial stable "base load" to offset the intermittency of solar and wind power, ensuring a reliable electricity supply even when renewable generation is low. 
Managing Variable Renewable Energy:- 
 As India rapidly expands its renewable capacity, coal plants can operate flexibly to absorb excess solar power and dispatch it when needed, preventing the need for immediate curtailment of renewables or loss of thermal capacity during peak evening hours. 
Enhanced Grid Integration: -
 This move requires new technical guidelines and grid infrastructure to integrate both large-scale thermal power plants and growing renewable sources, ensuring the unified national grid remains stable. 
Strategic Context
Energy Security: -
 The 97 GW expansion aims to meet the growing electricity demand and secure India's energy supply as it works towards its 2030 target of 500 GW of renewable energy capacity. 
Complementary Approach:-
 This coal expansion is not a replacement for renewables but a complementary strategy, supporting India's commitment to its 2070 net-zero emissions target. 
Technological Solutions: -
 To better integrate coal with renewables, India is exploring technological solutions, such as testing battery storage at coal plants, to enhance grid stability and optimize the operation of both energy sources.
India's net electricity generation was 1,634,302 GWh in the fiscal year 2023-24, showing a growth of 7.20% compared to the previous year. This growth is part of a consistent trend, with an estimated overall generation of 1,824 BU (billion units) for FY 2024-25, up from 1,168 BU in FY 2015-16. 

MJF Lion ER YK Sharma 

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