Water Sustainability Act" refers to legislation like India's Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and the US Clean Water Act, which aim to prevent water pollution and ensure water quality. These acts establish regulatory bodies like the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) in India and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to monitor water quality, issue permits for industries, and enforce standards to protect water resources and ecosystems for public health and environmental benefit.

Act for water sustainability" refers to legislation like India's Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and the US Clean Water Act, which aim to prevent water pollution and ensure water quality. These acts establish regulatory bodies like the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) in India and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to monitor water quality, issue permits for industries, and enforce standards to protect water resources and ecosystems for public health and environmental benefit. 
Key Aspects of Water Sustainability Acts
Pollution Prevention and Control: -
These laws prohibit the discharge of pollutants into water bodies, setting specific standards for water quality and industrial effluent. 
Regulatory Framework: -
They create government agencies (like the CPCB and the EPA) responsible for developing and implementing water quality programs. 
Industrial Compliance: -
They require industries to obtain permits and consent from regulatory bodies before discharging wastewater, ensuring that their operations do not harm water quality. 
Monitoring and Enforcement: ,-
The acts empower these agencies to monitor water quality, investigate violations, and enforce penalties to ensure compliance. 
Restoration of Waterways: -
A core objective is to restore and maintain the "wholesomeness" and ecological health of water bodies, protecting habitats and aquatic ecosystems. 
Examples of Water Sustainability Acts
India:The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974: -
Provides the foundational legal framework for controlling water pollution and establishing Central and State Pollution Control Boards. 
The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act, 1977: -
helps fund these boards by levying a cess (tax) on water-consuming industries and local authorities. 
United States:-
The Clean Water Act:-
- (1972) is a comprehensive law enacted to restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the nation's waters. 
  The Act's goal is to ensure that water is safe for swimming, drinking, and for wildlife, setting standards and regulations for preventing water pollution from various sources. 
Natural Sources
Rainwater: -
The main source of freshwater, falling from the atmosphere onto the Earth's surface. 
Surface Water: -
Water bodies found above the ground, such as: 
Rivers: -
Flowing bodies of water. 
Lakes and Ponds: -
Bodies of water surrounded by land. 
Oceans and Seas: -
Large bodies of saltwater. 
Reservoirs: -
Artificial or natural lakes used for storage. 
Groundwater: -
Freshwater that soaks into the soil and is stored beneath the Earth's surface in areas called aquifers. 
Wells and Tube-wells: -
Accessed by digging into the ground. 
Springs: -
Where groundwater naturally flows out of the ground. 
Frozen Water: ,-
Glaciers and ice caps, which hold a large amount of the Earth's freshwater but are not easily accessible. 
Artificial Sources 
Treated Wastewater: -
Reclaimed water that has been purified for reuse.
Desalinated Seawater: ,-
Freshwater produced by removing salt from saltwater.
How They Are Used
Water from these sources is vital for agriculture, industry, and domestic use. 
 VAll water, especially surface and groundwater, typically requires proper treatment before it is safe for consumption. 

MJF Lion ER YK Sharma

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