India is using a multi-pronged approach to support its renewable growth, primarily through large-scale solar and wind projects, hybrid systems, and energy storage, while also developing green hydrogen. Key drivers include ambitious government targets, initiatives like the National Green Hydrogen Mission and solar programs, corporate power purchase agreements, and the strategic goal of achieving 500 GW of non-fossil fuel capacity by 2030.

 India is using a multi-pronged approach to support its renewable growth, primarily through large-scale solar and wind projects, hybrid systems, and energy storage, while also developing green hydrogen. Key drivers include ambitious government targets, initiatives like the National Green Hydrogen Mission and solar programs, corporate power purchase agreements, and the strategic goal of achieving 500 GW of non-fossil fuel capacity by 2030. 
Key clean energy sources and strategies
Solar and wind power: -
These are the leading sources, with large-scale solar parks, rooftop solar, and both onshore and offshore wind projects being implemented. 
Energy storage: -
Hybrid systems and battery storage are crucial to address the intermittency of solar and wind power, providing dispatchable generation. 
Green hydrogen: -
India is positioning itself as a hub for green hydrogen production with the National Green Hydrogen Mission, which aims for significant production by 2030. 
Hydropower and bioenergy:-
 While solar and wind dominate, hydropower and bioenergy continue to be part of the renewable energy mix. 
Supporting initiatives and policies
Government targets:-
 The goal of 500 GW of non-fossil fuel capacity by 2030 and net-zero emissions by 2070 provides the overarching framework for the clean energy push. 
National and state-level programs:- 
Initiatives like the PM-KUSUM and the PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana are driving the expansion of solar power. 
Market mechanisms:-
 Renewable Purchase Obligations (RPOs) continue to ensure consistent adoption of renewables, particularly within the commercial and industrial sectors. 
Financing and manufacturing:-
 Robust support includes efforts to grow domestic manufacturing of components and secure access to finance. 
Challenges and future outlook
Grid integration and storage: -
The primary challenge is integrating variable renewable sources into the grid and ensuring adequate storage to meet fluctuating demand.
Coal reliance: -
Despite growth, coal-fired power plants still account for a significant portion of electricity generation, indicating the long road ahead to fully transition. 

MJF Lion ER YK Sharma 

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