Renewable energy comes from sources that are naturally replenished, while sustainable energy is a broader concept that involves meeting today's needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. The key difference is that all sustainable energy is renewable, but not all renewable energy is sustainable; for example, a large hydroelectric dam is renewable, but it may not be sustainable if it causes significant ecological damage or displaces communities.

 Renewable energy comes from sources that are naturally replenished, while sustainable energy is a broader concept that involves meeting today's needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs.      

The key difference is that all sustainable energy is renewable, but not all renewable energy is sustainable; for example, a large hydroelectric dam is renewable, but it may not be sustainable if it causes significant ecological damage or displaces communities. 
Renewable energy
Definition:-
 Energy from sources that are naturally replenished, such as solar, wind, and hydropower.
Focus: -
The source of the energy is able to be regenerated or replenished, often on a human timescale.
Limitation: -
A renewable source can still be unsustainable if its use causes other long-term problems. 
Installed capacity:-
 India has a total non-fossil fuel installed capacity of over 242 GW (including ~234 GW of renewable energy and 8.8 GW of nuclear power) as of June 2025.
Total capacity:-
 Non-fossil fuel sources now make up over 50% of India's total power capacity, which was approximately 484.82 GW in June 2025.
Significant growth: -
This represents a near tripling of renewable energy capacity from 76.37 GW in 2014.
Key sources:-
 Solar power is a major contributor with an installed capacity of 127.33 GW as of 2024, and wind power capacity exceeds 50 GW.
Future goals: -
The country has an ambitious target of 500 GW of installed capacity from non-fossil fuel sources by 2030. 

Sustainable Energy of India's status
Ranking: -
India holds the fourth position globally in renewable energy capacity and is fourth in wind power and third in solar power capacity.
Installed capacity:-
 As of January 2025, India’s total non-fossil fuel-based energy capacity reached 217.62 GW. This surpassed 200 GW in late 2024.
Key drivers: -
Growth is supported by policies, incentives, and increased investment in domestic manufacturing.
Targets: -
The country aims to reach 500 GW of non-fossil fuel-based energy capacity by 2030.
Ethanol blending: -
India achieved 20% ethanol blending in petrol in 2025, a significant increase from just 1.5% in 2014. 

MJF Lion ER YK Sharma 

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