Hydrogen is facing a shift in perception as the primary zero-emission solution, with industry sentiment leaning towards battery-electric for light-duty transport due to higher efficiency and lower costs. While green hydrogen remains crucial for industrial decarbonization, high production costs, infrastructure limitations, and storage challenges have caused project delays and a re-evaluation of its role.

Hydrogen is facing a shift in perception as the primary zero-emission solution, with industry sentiment leaning towards battery-electric for light-duty transport due to higher efficiency and lower costs. While green hydrogen remains crucial for industrial decarbonization, high production costs, infrastructure limitations, and storage challenges have caused project delays and a re-evaluation of its role. 

Key reasons for the shift away from hydrogen as the top, all-encompassing, zero-emission option include: -

Superior Efficiency of Alternatives: -
In road transport, battery-electric vehicles are deemed more efficient and cost-effective than hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, which suffer from energy losses during electrolysis and conversion.
High Production and Infrastructure Costs: -
Green hydrogen production costs (around $5$ 5$5/kg) and the need for expensive, specialized storage infrastructure, such as for transporting and storing hydrogen at high pressure or low temperatures, hinder its adoption.

Infrastructure and Technical Hurdles:- There is no adequate, widespread infrastructure for safe hydrogen distribution, and its low volumetric energy density complicates storage for both transport and stationary applications.
Hydrogen is facing a shift in perception as the primary zero-emission solution, with industry sentiment leaning towards battery-electric for light-duty transport due to higher efficiency and lower costs. While green hydrogen remains crucial for industrial decarbonization, high production costs, infrastructure limitations, and storage challenges have caused project delays and a re-evaluation of its role. 
Key reasons for the shift away from hydrogen as the top, all-encompassing, zero-emission option include: -
Superior Efficiency of Alternatives: -
In road transport, battery-electric vehicles are deemed more efficient and cost-effective than hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, which suffer from energy losses during electrolysis and conversion.
High Production and Infrastructure Costs: -
Green hydrogen production costs (around $5$ 5$5/kg) and the need for expensive, specialized storage infrastructure, such as for transporting and storing hydrogen at high pressure or low temperatures, hinder its adoption.
Infrastructure and Technical Hurdles:- There is no adequate, widespread infrastructure for safe hydrogen distribution, and its low volumetric energy density complicates storage for both transport and stationary applications.
Environmental Concerns: -
Currently, over 96% of hydrogen is produced from fossil fuels ("grey" hydrogen), and while "green" hydrogen is sustainable, its scalability is constrained by the availability of renewable energy. 
Despite this, hydrogen is still viewed as a vital, necessary, or "must-have" technology for hard-to-abate sectors, such as steel manufacturing, shipping, and chemical production, rather than a general-purpose, consumer-focused fuel. 
MJF Lion ER YK Sharma 

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