Rice cultivation contributes roughly 10% of global agricultural methane emissions, primarily from anaerobic bacteria in flooded paddies. However, researchers are deploying solutions like Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD), which reduces emissions by 30–70%, alongside improved fertilizer management, biochar application, and new low-methane rice varieties.

Rice cultivation contributes roughly 10% of global agricultural methane emissions, primarily from anaerobic bacteria in flooded paddies. However, researchers are deploying solutions like Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD), which reduces emissions by 30–70%, alongside improved fertilizer management, biochar application, and new low-methane rice varieties. 

Key Mitigation Strategies & Research Solutions
Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD):- This water-saving technique involves draining fields periodically, which stops methane-producing bacteria.
System of Rice Intensification (SRI):- An agroecological method using single, younger seedlings with better aeration, reducing water usage by 50% and increasing yields.
Methane- Oxidizing Bacteria :- Researchers have developed formulations using bacteria that oxidize methane in the soil, reducing emissions.
Improved Water & Soil Management:- Using biochar and better straw management can reduce methane emissions.
Varietal Selection: -
Breeding, shorter-duration, and stress-resistant hybrid rice varieties to reduce the overall carbon footprint.
Key Findings
Emissions Impact: -
Rice contributes 4–6% of total anthropogenic methane emissions annually.
Target: -
Many studies highlight a 30% reduction goal for 2030.
Systemic Shift: -
Transitioning to climate-smart agriculture can increase farmer income while reducing environmental impact. 
Specific fertilizer techniques to reduce nitrous oxide .
MJF Lion ER YK Sharma 
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