India generates approximately 228.5 million to 230 million tonnes of surplus agricultural biomass residue annually, holding an estimated gross power-generation potential of 28.45 GW (roughly 10% of India's peak power demand). Converting crop residue (parali) into clean energy can reduce smog and air pollution, create rural employment, and support green energy targets.

India generates approximately 228.5 million to 230 million tonnes of surplus agricultural biomass residue annually, holding an estimated gross power-generation potential of 28.45 GW (roughly 10% of India's peak power demand). 
Converting crop residue (parali) into clean energy can reduce smog and air pollution, create rural employment, and support green energy targets. 
Key Pathways to Tap Biomass Potential:-
Biomass Co-Firing in Thermal Plants:-
The Union government mandates coal-based thermal power plants to co-fire biomass pellets and torrefied charcoal with coal.
Mandated minimum shares are 7% for plants in and around the National Capital Region (NCR) and 5% for plants elsewhere.
Compressed Biogas (CBG) and Bio-Ethanol:-
Paddy straw and agricultural waste are processed via anaerobic digestion or thermochemical conversion into compressed biogas (Bio-CNG), ethanol, and sustainable aviation fuel (such as IOCL’s Panipat project). 
Densification (Pellets and Briquettes):-
Decentralized processing and densification plants compress loose crop residue into uniform pellets for easy transport to industrial and power boilers. 
Major Bottlenecks and Challenges
Supply Chain Inefficiencies: -
Biomass is seasonal and spatially dispersed, making continuous, year-round feedstock delivery difficult. 
Logistics and Storage:-
 Inadequate storage facilities, high transport costs, and a lack of organized aggregation networks hamper smooth delivery. 
Economic Pressures: -
Low procurement prices offered to aggregators and delayed payments strain rural entrepreneurs and small-scale processors. 
Government Interventions (Crop Residue Management Scheme)
Equipment Subsidies: -
The government provides a 50% subsidy to individual farmers for stubble management machinery and an 80% subsidy to Custom Hiring Centers (CHCs) to rent equipment affordably. 
Supply Chain Infrastructure: -
Plans for expanding straw supply chain projects, bio-CNG units, and rural aggregation hubs are actively scaled through agricultural and bioenergy missions.

MJF Ln ER YK Sharma 

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