Himalayan forests are massive carbon sinks, storing roughly 3,000 million tonnes of carbon in the Indian Himalayan region alone, with ecosystem carbon stocks ranging widely from 79 to 373 Mg per hectare depending on species, altitude, and soil moisture.

Himalayan forests are massive carbon sinks, storing roughly 3,000 million tonnes of carbon in the Indian Himalayan region alone, with ecosystem carbon stocks ranging widely from 79 to 373 Mg per hectare depending on species, altitude, and soil moisture.
Carbon Storage by Forest and Tree Type
Oak forests: -
High carbon stock and greatest CO2 sequestration capacity (up to 1,123 Mg per hectare).
Conifers: -
Ancient old-growth conifers like Abies pindrow (silver fir) and Cedrus deodara (deodar) lock massive amounts of carbon in large woody biomass.
Pine forests: -
Generally exhibit the lowest overall carbon stock compared to broadleaf and mixed stands. 
Key Drivers of Storage
Elevation and aspect: -
Northern slopes and higher elevations often boost soil organic carbon and moisture, driving higher sequestration.
Tree size: -
Large-diameter old trees contribute disproportionately more to total stand carbon than dense groups of small trees.
Disturbances:-
 Human pressures, illegal timber harvesting, and shifting cultivation (jhum) actively lower total ecosystem storage capacity.

MJF Lion ER YK Sharma 

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